Conclusions based on the results of literature review for gender-related DIF of IADL

1. Possible IADLs with gender-related DIF
(1) preparing meal
(2) doing laundry
(3) shopping
(4) performing household chores
(5) taking medicine
(6) using the telephone
(7) managing money
(8) driving a car/riding a motor scooter/riding a bike

2. Consistent results 
For noninstitutionalized (community-dwelling) elderly, preparing meal shows gender-related DIF. (Niti et al., 2007; Lutomski et al., 2016)

3. Inconsistent results
(1) For functionally disabled adults and elderly, preparing meal/shopping may or may not show gender-related DIF.
(2) For functionally disabled elderly, performing household chores may or may not show gender-related DIF.
(3) For noninstitutionalized (community-dwelling) elderly, taking medicine may or may not show gender-related DIF.
(4) For functionally disabled adults, managing money may or may not show gender-related DIF.
(5) For patients with stroke, driving a car/riding a motor scooter/riding a bike may or may not show gender-related DIF.